Rowlatt Act (1919)
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13,1919)
Khilafat movement (1920-22)
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22)
Swaraj party (1923)
Simon Commission (1927)
Dandi March/Salt Satyagraha (1930)
The First Round Table Conference (1930)
Gandhi-Irwin Pact/Delhi Pact (March 5 1931)
The Second Round Table Conference (1931)
The Communal Award(1932)
Poona Pact(1932)
The Third Round Table Conference (1932)
The Government of India Act 1935
Main events during the Gandhian Era
ROWLATT ACT - (1919)
Lord Chelmsford
In 1918 with Justice Rowlatt
The Rowlatt Act 1919 , Gave unbridled powers
Gave a call for Satyagraha on April 6, 1919
JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE APRIL 13 , 1919
Serious unrest in Punjab
Public meeting held on April 13, 1919 in a park called Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar
General o' Dyer fired at people who assembled in Jallianwala Bagh
KHILAFAT MOVEMENT 1919
The Ali Brothers – Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali started this movement along with Maulana Azad ,
Hakim Ajmal Khan and Hasrat Mohani
Gandhiji viewed the khilafat agitation as a golden opportunity for bringing the Hindus and Muslims together
NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT (1920)
First mass –based political movement under Gandhiji.
Congress passed the resolution in its Calcutta Session in September 1920
The movement envisaged
Surrender of titles and honorary offices
Resignation from nominated offices and posts in the local bodies
Refusal to attend Govt darbars and boycott of British courts by the lawyers
the boycott of foreign goods etc
Prince of Wales visited India during this period. But was greeted with empty streets and downed shutters (1921)
SWARAJ PARTY (1923)
Motilal Nehru, C.R.Das, and N.C. Kelkar organised the Swaraj party
The Foundation of the Swaraj party were laid on Jan 1923 as the ' Congress Khilafat – Swaraj Party '
In 1923 elections , the swarajist got a majority in Bengal and Central Province
SIMON COMMISSION (1927)
Constituted under John Simon , to review the political situation in India and to introduce further reforms and extension of parliamentary democracy
Indian leaders opposed the commission , as there were no Indians in it
Congress turned the boycott into the movement
Simon and his Colleagues were greeted with hartals and black-flag demonstrations
Whenever the commission went there were cries of ' Simon Go Back '
The Government used brutal repression and police attacks to break the popular opposition
NEHRU REPORT (1928)
The Committee was set up under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru to evolve and determine the principals of constitution for India
LAHORE SESSION (1929)
On Dec 19 , 1929 , under the Presidentship of J.L.Nehru , the INC , at its Lahore session , declared Poorna Swaraj
DANDI MARCH (1930)
Also called salt Satyagraha
Along with 78 followers, Gandhiji started his march from Sabarmati Ashram on March 12,1930
He Picked a handful of salt and inaugurated the civil Disobedience Movement
The First Round Table Conference (1930)
It was held in London on Nov 12, 1930 ,to discuss Simon Commission
Boycotted by INC . Muslim League , Hindu Mahasabha , etc .
Postponed to jan 2 , 1931 in the absence of any major political party
GANDHI IRWIN PACT
Moderate statesman , Sapru and Jayakar initiated efforts to break the ice between gandhiji and the government
The two government signed a pact on March 5, 1931
In this the INC called off the civil disobedience movement and agreed to join the second round table conference
SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE (1931)
Lord Willington
Gandhiji represented the INC and went to London to meet British P.M. Ramsay Macdonald
Demanded full responsible government
The conference, however, failed as Gandhiji could not agree with British Prime Minister Ramsay Mac Donald
The Conference closed on Dec 1, 1931, without any concrete result
THECOMMUNAL AWARD 1932
Announced by Ramsay McDonald. It showed divide and rule policy of the British.
Envisaged representation of Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo Indians, women and even Backward Classes.
POONA PACT 1932
Announcement of communal award and subsequent fast of Gandhiji, mass meeting took place almost everywhere
Political leaders like Madan Mohan Malviya, B.R.Ambedkar and M.C.Rajah became active
Eventually, Poona pact was reached and Gandhiji broke his fast on the sixth day
Thus Poona pact agreed upon a joint electorate for upper and lower caste
THIRD ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE (1932)
Proved fruitless as most of the national leaders were in prison
The discussion led to the passing of the Government of India Act 1935
THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1935
Based on Simon Commission report
Govt of India Act provided for a federal type of government
1) Act introduced provincial autonomy
2) Abolished Dyarchy in provinces
3) Made minister responsible to the legislative and Federation at the centerNote - J.L.NEHRU REMARKS – ' IT WAS A NEW CHARTER OF SLAVERY'
