Q.1-10. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
India grapples with the issue of a major divide between the well-to- do and the lower end of the population strata. The challenge of uplifting the ‘below the poverty line’ section of the population remains a challenging task. One of the areas which ranks high on this priority list has access to healthcare facilities.
As is well known, events related to emergency health treatment can lead to a significant dent in financial security of any family. This is all the more relevant in the case of our country, given that Indians need to predominantly rely on out-of-pocket spending when it comes to expenses on healthcare. An average citizen has to meet 61 per cent of the expenses from self-generated resources.
Amid this scenario, the country faces a dual challenge in the area of healthcare. On the one hand, the current healthcare infrastructure needs to be drastically improved. As per the WHO report (2010), India has only 1.3 beds per 1,000 population, which is far below WHO guideline of 3.5 beds per 1000. If one were to collate these statistics for the rural areas specifically, the numbers would look even more dismal, given that a majority of the healthcare infrastructure is concentrated in the urban areas.
To address the problem of access to healthcare for the masses, the Government is looking at increasing healthcare budget allocation from 1 per cent to 2.5 per cent of the GDP. While increasing spends is a critical requirement, there are larger hurdles to be overcome, including health insurance enrolment, beneficiary identification, claims processing, hospital reimbursement, among other things.
As we attempt to find solutions to address these issues, we should take inputs from some recent examples, wherein institutions have been able to reach out to the lower end through prudent use of technology.
A healthcare-focused foundation in Hyderabad is piloting a rural health delivery and micro insurance scheme that focuses on provision of outpatient care in the village setting.
Trained community members designated as Village Health Champions (VHC) are equipped with hand-held terminals, with built-in clinical decision systems to provide appropriate medical advice to villagers at their doorstep. In another example, a private hospital is rolling out a telemedicine initiative in some villages, making available specialists in the entire domain of healthcare to anyone, at any time and from anywhere.
Within the insurance industry, one can look at the success of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY). It has been able to reach out to a large base of BPL families, given the prudent use of technology through biometric cards. This system helps identify beneficiaries, thereby ensuring the benefits reach the intended recipients.
A large number of schemes in India were not successful earlier, as beneficiaries were not clearly identified, given that there was no foolproof method of identification. RSBY with its adoption of cost-effective technological tools has been able to provide a clear roadmap for other initiatives planned in this domain.
Catering to the challenge of most target families migrating from one place to another, the system addresses the issue of availability at different places through inter-operability agreements between participating insurance companies. The biometric card system has, in fact, helped the industry overcome the hurdle of cashless transactions for availing treatment at eligible hospitals.
The system enables the beneficiary to avail of cashless treatment irrespective of the location and the hospital, with the hospital reimbursement happening in the least possible time aided by real-time data flow. As on date, RSBY has covered 34 million BPL households.
With the recent announcements in the Budget to include segments such as rickshaw pullers, mine workers, taxi drivers, and so on, it will help a larger base of citizens in the lower strata to gain access to such schemes. As on date, RSBY has witnessed over five million operations across the country on an entirely cashless platform.
The above examples clearly present a strong case for adoption of technology in our attempt to provide access to affordable and quality healthcare for India’s underprivileged. Apart from empowering the deserving to access basic facilities, it will also be able to improve overall efficiencies in the healthcare ecosystem covering providers, that is, hospitals, patients, and the payer (the Government). This is possible only because of the seamless integration between multiple entities achieved through innovative use of technology.
Q.1. Which of the following is a challenging task for India?
(1) The issue of dividing the upper class and below the poverty line section of the country.
(2) To uplift ‘below the poverty line’ section of our population.
(3) To provide access to good healthcare facilities.
(4) All 1, 2 and 3
(5) None of these
Q.2. What kind of challenges does India face in healthcare?
(A) Increasing expenditure
(B) Poor healthcare infrastructure
(C) Health insurance enrolment
(D) Processing of claims
(E) Reimbursing the hospitals
(1) Only A, D and E (2) Only B and C
(3) Only E and A (4) All except A
(5) All of the above
Q.3. Why were a large number of insurance schemes in India not successful earlier?
(1) All the schemes lacked the use of technology.
(2) The government had allocated only 1% of GDP to these schemes.
(3) There was no reliable method of identification of beneficiaries as a result the beneficiaries were not identified.
(4) Lack of clear roadmaps to ensure benefits to beneficiaries.
(5) Lack of inputs from successful schemes.
Q.4. Why has the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima yojna been successful in reaching out to a large number of BPL families?
(A) It has used technology wisely through biometric cards.
(B) It has adopted cost-effective technology to provide quality healthcare at affordable cost.
(C) The biometric card system that the industry used has helped it to overcome the obstacle of cashless transactions for
availing treatment at eligible hospitals.
(D) It has covered 34 million BPL households.
(1) Only A and C (2) Only B and D
(3) Only A, B and C (4) All A,B,C,D
(5) None of these.
Q.5. The heathcare - focused foundation in Hyderabad (that is mentioned in the passage) is an example of-
(1) Telemedicine initiative in Indian villages.
(2) Providing heathcare to anyone, at any time and from anywhere.
(3) Rural heathcare and micro insurance scheme.
(4) Wise use of technology for providing outpatient care.
(5) Medical advice at the door step of urban and rural people.
Q.6. What is the government planning to address the problem of access to heathcare to BPL section?
(1) Allocate 1.5 percent of the GDP to health care.
(2) Allocate 2.5 percent of the GDP to health care budget.
(3) Providing 3.5 beds per 1000 population.
(4) Only 2 and 3
(5) None of these
Q.7. Which of the following is TRUE in context of the passage?
(1) As per WHO report this year India has only 1.3 beds per 1,000 population.
(2) Majority of heathcare infrastructure of India is found in urban areas.
(3) The biometric system of RSBY helps rural and urban people to avail cashless treatment anywhere in India.
(4) RSBY has sponsored over five million operations across the country on a cashless flat form.
(5) The government will pilot rural heath delivery and micro insurance, schemes in near future.
Q.8. Which of the following is NOT TRUE in context of the passage?
(1) Indians rely on out-of pocket spending when it comes to spending on healthcare.
(2) The recent announcements in the Budget has excluded rickshaw pullers, mine workers in the BPL section.
(3) The biometric system adopted by RSBY adresses the issue of availability at different places through inter-operability
agreements between participating insurance companies.
(4) India needs to overcome a large number of hurdles in the healthcare sector.
(5) All are true.
Q.9. Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Q.9. Grapples
(1) embraces (2) takes part
(3) deals with (4) encounter
(5) tackled
Q.10. Choose the word which is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Q.10. Address
(1) applies (2) approaches
(3) hails (4) undertakes
(5) shuns
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MAHENDRA GURU