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Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it certain words are given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
In the last decade, the composition of garbage/solid waste in Indian cities and towns has been gradually dominated by ‘disposable’ thin polythene carry bags and varying sizes of sachets, cups, plates and containers made of flimsy plastic. Ironically, the word disposable is a misnomer, because most of these plastic items are not disposed of but just passed on along a typical chain. Once they leave the place of manufacture, these low grade plastics (fit only for single use) travel from the storekeeper to the consumer to household garbage bins to tricycles/tempos to municipal solid waste bins and finally to landfill sites. When they are not channeled to reach bins or garbage collection points, they are seen flying just about everywhere — on roads and footpaths, at public places where people gather, along the railway tracks, at inaccessible places including lakes, open wells and drains and even on treetops. Plastics travelling downstream reach villages on the outskirts of urban areas and cause untold damage to farmers’ fields and cattle. Enough has been said and written with vivid portrayals through pictures and the electronic media. Each of us is well aware of the pollution and destruction caused to air, water, land, animal and man by the “never disposable” characteristics of low grade plastic materials which no one wants to retrieve.
They are neither recyclable nor biodegradable. From administrators in government, to plastic manufacturers and consumers, everyone has a role to play. It is not that we as a nation were unaware of the problem 10 years ago. Several environmentally conscious citizens trusted our policymakers and waited for them to take bold decisions and implement them. In small groups, consumers decided to use their own reusable shopping bags and to “say no to plastics.” The effort of such groups has, however, been a drop in the ocean! An entire generation has grown up with a “difficult-to-erase” familiarity with only the single use polybags and plastic sachets as packing material. While policymakers continue to discuss the optimal levels of microns (40 microns) for prohibiting/permitting plastics, the responsibility of resisting the plastic deluge will rest with the end-users or consumers. Some steps which can be implemented easily, immediately and universally include the following: Equip yourself with alternatives to plastic carry bags — cloth, canvas, jute and thick paper bags can be reused several times before we discard them. They are biodegradable. When you step out of the house, make sure you have a few of these bags of different sizes for unexpected purchases on the way. Make this an important habit. Do not accept items from any stores in thin polythene bags.
Keep your own bag of appropriate size and material ready to take in the items you buy — perishable fruits, vegetables and flowers; pre-packed items including provisions, medicines, confectioneries; minor items from hardware, electrical stores, etc. For monthly groceries, make sure you have two or more bags made of tough material – jute, canvas, thick cotton or reusable synthetic bags — for different items — provisions, detergents and cleaning agents, other items. Encourage your family and friends to carry their own bags (foldable, roll able, collapsible), and not be tempted to accept polybags. Wherever feasible, make your own bags; gift bags to others. Spread awareness by your active participation in reviving/promoting bags, containers, gifts, toys and display items made from natural resources such as wood, cane, bamboo and jute. Restore, develop and promote alternatives which do not destroy the environment. Ultimately, it is we the citizens who will have to initiate and aggressively sustain yet another strong ‘People’s Movement’ to save ourselves and our planet, as well as protect future generations against the prevailing plastic pandemic.
Q1. Which of the following has been mentioned about ‘low grade plastic’?
(A) It is non-biodegradable
(B) It is sold at a high rate
(C) It can not be recycled
(1) A only
(2) C only
(3) Only A and B
(4) Only A and C
(5) A ,B and C
Q2. What is meant by the phrase ‘A drop in the ocean’?
(1) A lot
(2) Zero
(3) Little
(4) Man in the crowd
(5) None of these
Q3. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?
(1) Optimal levels of microns that the policymakers keep discussing is equal to 40 microns.
(2) Polythenes cause damage to farmers’ fields and cattle
(3) No plastic item is biodegradable.
(4) Even people’s movement cannot save us or the earth from the hazard of plastic.
(5) Plastics are seen flying around everywhere only in villages.
Q4. Bags made of which of the following materials is/ are appropriate for monthly groceries?
(A) Jute (B) Canvas (C) Thick cotton (D) Nylon
(1) Only A and D
(2) Only B
(3) Only B and C
(4) All except B
(5) All except D
Q5. For what is the author asking alternatives to restore, develop and promote which do not harm the environment?
(1) For preservation of wild animals
(2) For developing advance weapons
(3) For storage of agricultural products
(4) For carriage of goods
(5) None of these
Q6. What, according to the passage, the consumers decided in order to stop using plastics?
(1) They decided to use their own reusable shopping bags.
(2) They decided to find other alternatives for the solution to the problem.
(3) They decided to use good quality polythene bags.
(4) They decided to form laws against those who used plastic.
(5) They decided to take action against plastic manufacturers.
Q7. Choose the word which is most nearly the SIMILAR in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Feasible
(1) Possible
(2) Beneficial
(3) Unlikely
(4) Credible
(5) Potential
Q8. Choose the word which is most nearly the SIMILAR in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Untold
(1) Stated
(2) Aware
(3) Expressed
(4) Unknown
(5) Immense
Q9. Choose the word which is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Initiate
(1) Commence
(2) Originate
(3) End
(4) Inaugurate
(5) Exclude
Q10. Choose the word which is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Discard
(1) Reject
(2) Accept
(3) Abandon
(4) Eliminate
(5) Dispatch
Answer- Q1. (4) Q2. (3) Q3. (2) Q4. (5) Q5. (5) Q6. (1) Q7. (1) Q8. (4) Q9. (3) Q10. (2)
