Q.1-15.Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this, more than anything else, makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store .But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First, education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But, increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to productive work.
Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional factors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research. In fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of large research establishment.
Third, the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored. Today, as an international issue, it is second only to disarmament.Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious.
In the Indian context there are atleast two further factors which reinforce the above propositions.The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the work force, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor, which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas.The second factor is that as a large country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self- reliant growth.The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.
Until now we have tended to treat human resource development, technology issues and environment as subsidiary to the main task of planning.The thrust has been on:Quantitative expansion of infrastructure and production with a focus on production targets like tonnes of steel,kWh of electricity etc, capacity targets like road length rail kilometerage and coverage targets like number of schools and students, number of villages electrified etcetra, catching up with known technologies- Fuller use of natural resources -Maximum mobilisaton of financial resources.
The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this, more than anything else, makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store .But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First, education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But, increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to productive work.
Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional factors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research. In fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of large research establishment.
Third, the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored. Today, as an international issue, it is second only to disarmament.Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious.
In the Indian context there are atleast two further factors which reinforce the above propositions.The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the work force, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor, which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas.The second factor is that as a large country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self- reliant growth.The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.
Until now we have tended to treat human resource development, technology issues and environment as subsidiary to the main task of planning.The thrust has been on:Quantitative expansion of infrastructure and production with a focus on production targets like tonnes of steel,kWh of electricity etc, capacity targets like road length rail kilometerage and coverage targets like number of schools and students, number of villages electrified etcetra, catching up with known technologies- Fuller use of natural resources -Maximum mobilisaton of financial resources.
Q.1. What seems to be the purpose of the author in writing this passage ?
(1) To appreciate the steps taken by our Government in the past and doubts about future.
(2) To show how the policy makers have failed .
(3) A review of world affairs with special emphasis on developed countries
(4) Review of the past with a view to evolve positive directions for future .
(5) Both 2 and 4
Q.2. According to the passage ,we have so far placed emphasis on which of the following ?
(1) Optimum use of available natural resources.
(2) Increased number of basic facilities and meeting number of targets.
(3) Maximum utilisation of available finances.
(4) Following known technologies.
(5) All of these
Q.3. According to the author, which of the following factors supports and strengthens his point of view ?
(A) Necessity for carrying out growth on the basis of our own strength.
(B) Increased emphasis on production and coverage targets.
(1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Either A or B (4) Both A and B (5) Not mentioned in the passage
Q.4. According to the author, which of the following is a less important factor resulting in environmental stress in rural and urban areas ?
(1) Increase in capital accumulation
(2) Rapid economic growth
(3) Rate of growth of population
(4) Availability of productive employment
(5) Continued environmental neglect.
Q.5. According to the author,at the national level ,with passage of time ,the effects of which of the following are being felt ?
(1) Expansion of work force of high quality.
(2) Lack of attention and action for protecting environmental wealth
(3) Reduction in growth rate of population
(4) Progressive degradation of technological competence in urban areas
(5) Emphasis on slow rate of disarmament as compared to other nations.
Q.6. Which of the following statements is not true in the context of the passage ?
(1) Optimum self reliance is the need of the day .
(2) We will have bright future by only catching up known technologies.
(3) We have to now emphasise aspects of human resource development.
(4) Technological competence has to be given due priority over more conventional factors.
(5) We cannot afford to ignore the importance of environment
Q.7. According to the author,which of the following cannot be viewed as cause of development ?
(1) Betterment in health services
(2) Increase in underemployment
(3) Speedy economic growth
(4) Enhancement in technical skills
(5) Improvement in literacy
Q.8. What seems to be the approach of the author regarding the improvement required in the percent status of research ?
(A) He desires that more research establishments should come up .
(B) Application of new techologies in factories and field is vital than setting up of research laboratories.
(1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Neither A or nor B (4) Both A and B (5) Not mentioned in the passage
Q.9.12. Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Q.9. PURPOSE
(1) effect (2) ability (3) outcome (4) reason (5) use
Q.10. CARVE
(1) drive (2) cover (3) forget (4) decide (5) acquire
Q.11. LARGE
(1) long (2) free (3) uncontrolled (4) big (5) diverse
Q.12. CATCHING UP
(1) coming down (2) lifting up (3) drawing level with (4) leading from (5) throwing up
Q.13-15. Choose the word which is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Q.13. TREAT
(1) consider (2) disregared (3) dislike (4) misbehave (5) unwind
Q.14. REINFORCE
(1) strengthen (2) remove (3) weaken (4) delink (5) simplify
Q.15. OVERLY
(1) casual (2) certainly (3) insignificantly (4) minutely (5) inwardly
Answers
Q.1.(2)
Q.2.(5)
Q.3.(1)
Q.4.(3)
Q.5.(2)
Q.6.(2)
Q.7.(2)
Q.8.(2)
Q.9.(3)
Q.10.(5)
Q.11.(4)
Q.12.(3)
Q.13.(2)
Q.14.(3)
Q.15.(3)
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