IN GORILLA society, power belongs to silverback males. These splendid creatures have numerous status markers besides their back hair: they are bigger than the rest of their band, strike space-filling postures, produce deeper sounds, thump their chests lustily and, in general, exude an air of physical fitness. Things are not that different in the corporate world. The typical chief executive is more than six feet tall, has a deep voice, a good posture, a touch of grey in his thick, lustrous hair and, for his age, a fit body. Bosses spread themselves out behind their large desks. They stand tall when talking to subordinates. Their conversation is laden with prestige pauses and declarative statements. The big difference between gorillas and humans is, of course, that human society changes rapidly. The past few decades have seen a striking change in the distribution of power—between men and women, the West and the emerging world and geeks and non-geeks. Women run some of America’s largest firms, such as General Motors (Mary Barra) and IBM (Virginia Rometty). More than half of the world’s biggest 2,500 public companies have their headquarters outside the West. Geeks barely out of short trousers run some of the world’s most dynamic businesses. Peter Thiel, one of Silicon Valley’s leading investors, has introduced a blanket rule: never invest in a CEO who wears a suit. Yet it is remarkable, in this supposed age of diversity, how many bosses still conform to the stereotype. First, they are tall: in research for his 2005 book, “Blink”, Malcolm Gladwell found that 30% of CEOs of Fortune 500 companies are 6 feet 2 inches or taller, compared with 3.9% of the American population.People who “sound right” also have a marked advantage in the race for the top. Quantified Communications, a Texas-based company, asked people to evaluate speeches delivered by 120 executives. They found that voice quality accounted for 23% of listeners’ evaluations and the content of the speech only accounted for 11%. Academics from the business schools of the University of California, San Diego and Duke University listened to 792 male CEOs giving presentations to investors and found that those with the deepest voices earned $187,000 a year more than the average. Physical fitness seems to matter too: a study published this month, by Peter Limbach of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Florian Sonnenburg of the University of Cologne, found that companies in America’s S&P 1500 index whose CEOs had finished a marathon were worth 5% more on average than those whose bosses had not. Good posture makes people act like leaders as well as look like them: Amy Cuddy of Harvard Business School notes that the very act of standing tall, with your feet planted solidly and somewhat apart, your chest out and your shoulders back, boosts the supply of testosterone to the blood and lowers the supply of cortisol, a steroid associated with stress.
(Unfortunately, this also increases the chance that you will make a risky bet.) Besides relying on all these supposedly positive indicators of fitness to lead, those who choose bosses also rely on some negative stereotypes. Overweight people—women especially—are judged incapable of controlling themselves, let alone others. Those who “uptalk”—habitually ending their statements on a high note as if asking a question—rule themselves out on the grounds that they sound tentative and juvenile.
1. What can be the suitable title of the passage?
(1) The look of a leader
(2) Age of diversity
(3) Gorilla and humans
(4) Physical fitness matters
(5) CEOs Vs Gorilla
2. What the author wants to convey by saying “age of diversity”?
(1) There is diversity between man and woman
(2) There is diversity between young generation and old generation
(3) There is no gender bias at global level
(4) All of the above
(5) None of these
3. According to the passage what physical qualities are required to become CEO of a company?
(1) Height, weight (2) Sound (3) Height , sound (4) Posture (5) Both 3 and 4
4. What is TRUE according to passage?
I. Good postures makes people happy
II. Physical fitness matters to become CEO
III.Women are incapable of controlling their weight
(1) I & II (2) II & III (3) III only (4) II only (5) All are true
5. Which of the following statement is false in the context of the passage?
(1) The typical chief executive is mostly similar to Gorillas.
(2) It is found that voice quality account for 23% of listeners.
(3) Height, quality of sounds , posture are negative indicators .
(4) Both (1) and (2)
(5) Both (2) and (3)
6. According to the passage , what is blanket rule ?
(1) Selected CEOs wear expensive cloths
(2) Prestigious CEOs give presentation worldwide.
(3) CEOs wearing suit should not be chosen.
(4) Both (2) and (3)
(5) None of these Direction
(7-8). Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
7. Uptalk
(1) Aptly (2) Loud (3) Talk up (4) High (5) Held
8. Stereotype
(1) Pattern (2) Same (3) Difference (4) Example (5) Similar
Direction (9-10). Choose the word which is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning to the word
printed in bold as used in the passage.
9. Relying
(1) Count (2) Depend (3) Ignore (4) Reckon (5) Lean
10. Spread
(1) Increase (2) Profusion (3) Halt (4) Terms (5) Scope
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