Q.1-5.Read each sentence to find out if there is any error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is (5).
Q.1. The audiences for crossword(1)/ and sudoku, understandably(2)/ overlap greatly, but(3)/ there are differences, too(4)/No error (5)
Q.2. The balance of power(1)/ will shifting(2)/ to the east as(3)/ China and India evolve(4)/No error(5)
Q.3. All I do (1)/ was report on (2)/how consumers react(3)/to different stimuli(4)/No error(5)
Q.4. We should not be hopeless(1)/addicted to an erroneous belief(2)/that corruption in India is(3)/ caused by the crookedness of Indians(4)/No error (5).
Q.5. The inreasonable man(1)/ is the sort of person(2)/ who comes to confide(3) in you when you are busy(4)/ No error (5).
Q.6-15. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Service has increasingly assumed an important role in the economic development of many countries, including India. Almost all developed countries and many developing countries are emerging as service economy or service societies. An economy is called a service economy when the contribution of the service sector to the GDP of the nation is more than 50 percent. USA was the first economy to be declared as a service economy back in 1948 with about 53 percent contribution of the service sector to the GDP of the nation. There is an argument that the statistics of the service sector’s contribution in many countries is a gross underestimation of the truth, since the value of the services produced by manufacturers of goods in the industrial sector is not included in service output value. As such, there is a large hidden service sector that is not classified under the service sector.
Services are becoming a critical source of wealth in many ways to the economies. Economies experienced increase in employment with the growth in service sector. While employment in the manufacturing sector is receding every year, employment in the service sector is rising. Even in times of economic recession unlike in the manufacturing sector, the service sector has kept employment up.
All human beings are service producers as well as consumers. We cannot imagine our life in the absence of services. Transportation, education, communication, health care, hospitality, entertainment, banking, information technology, electricity and a host of services have become a part of our lives. In fact, the concept of service is as old as humankind and began when man started serving himself (self - servicing). When a part of the society became affluent it started utilizing the service of others at a price. Then service became a business proposition. Over the years, services have grown in different ways throughout the world. However, until the beginning of the 20th century, the focus of the economies was to produce more and more tangible goods and sell agricultural and manufactured product. Service such as accounting, banking, insurance and transportation were considered as support to the manufacturing units.
In the beginning, throughout the world most services were in the public sector. Most organizations enjoyed the status of monopoly. The situation of excessive demand over supply and absence of competition or negligible competition led many service organizations to be insensitive to the marketing concept. The management and the marketing literature developed until the 1970s depicted manufacturing organizations and suggested that the same philosophies and technology be applied to the service organizations also.
The deregulation of services in many parts of the world during the early 1980s particularly in the areas of banking and insurance telecommunications, transportation and health care services led to intensified competition among various organizations. The growth in size and volume of business and the growing demand made the organizations identify the gap between the available technical support and the support that is required to face the distinctive marketing challenges. The American Marketing Association took up the task of developing marketing technology and organized a series of marketing conferences on themes related to services marketing. One of the prominent works that appeared in the late 1970s was the writings of Lynn Shostack.
In 1977, Lynn Shostack, the then Vice President at Citi Bank, wrote an article ‘Breaking free from product marketing’ in the Journal of Marketing. This article influenced the course of thought related to services marketing. She asserted, ‘New concepts are necessary if service marketing is to succeed… merely adopting product marketing’s labels does not resolve the question of whether product marketing can be overlaid on service businesses. Could marketing itself be ‘myopic’ in having failed to create relevant paradigms for the service sector?’’ Since then, efforts are on the develop new concepts, strategies and techniques for handling marketing problems of service organization.
During the 1980s and later, there has been a huge growth in the number of publication and research reports with empirical base. Several key issues and concepts were brought forth, including service quality, customer relationship marketing, internal marketing, internal marketing designing of service packages, interactive marketing moments of truth, service encounter management, customer evaluation process, customer perceived service quality, service failures and recovery strategies, losses of customer defections and so on.
Q.6. What is the condition for ascertaining an economy to be a ‘service economy’?
(1) That the economy has adequate infrastructure facilities.
(2) That the contribution of the service sector to the GDP of the nation is more than 50 percent.
(3) That the economy should have a sound governance system.
(4) That the service sector must offer more than 50 percent of job opportunities.
(5) That the service sector is controlled, prominently by government sector only.
Q.7. US was the first economy to be declared as service economy registering how much percent contribution to GDP?
(1) 54 (2) 50 (3) 51 (4) 53 (5) 20
Q.8. Which of the following sectors was not deregulated during the 1980’s ?
(1) Transportation (2) Banking & Insurance
(3) Telecommunications (4) Health care services
(5) Tourism
Q.9. Which of the following is FALSE in context of the passage?
(1) All human being are service producers as well as consumers.
(2) During the beginning of the 20th century, services such as accounting, banking, insurance were considered as support to the manufacturing units
(3) Lynn Shostack was the Vice President at Citi Bank.
(4) Many economies have experienced increase in employment with the growth of service sector.
(5) India contributes more than 50 percent to the GDP of the nation.
Q.10. Which of the following questions cannot be answered after reading the passage?
(1) Has the level of employment risen in the service sector, in the recent times?
(2) What is the name of the article written by Lyn Shostack?
(3) State the activity under taken by the American Marketing Association to develop the marketing technology?
(4) When did the service sector enter Indian market ?
(5) Which was the first economy to be declared as a service economy ?
Q.11. Which of the following is TRUE in context of the passage ?
(1) India is a developed country therefore service sector can never play an important role in
its development.
(2) The globalization and liberalization along with deregulation of services led to intensified competition among various organizations.
(3) The growth in size of business made the organizations identify the gap between the available technical support and the support that is required to face the distinctive marketing challenges.
(4) During the beginning of 18th century, services were a part of the manufacturing sector.
(5) The management and the marketing literature developed until the 1970s.
Q.12-15.Choose the word which is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Q.12. Receding
(1) disappearing (2) increasing (3) disturbing (4) retiring (5) retreat
Q.13. Negligible
(1) insignificant (2) careless (3) critical (4) importance (5) intense
Q.14. Critical
(1) appreciative (2) dangerous (3) crucial (4) accurate (5) perilous
Q.15. Prominent
(1) popular (2) obscure (3) famous (4) passable (5) tolerable
ANSWERS
Q.1.(5)
Q.2.(2)
Q.3.(2)
Q.4.(1)
Q.5.(5)
Q.6.(2)
Q.7.(4)
Q.8.(5)
Q.9.(5)
Q.10.(4)
Q.11.(3)
Q.12.(2)
Q.13.(5)
Q.14.(1)
Q.15.(2)
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