Q.1-5
In each of the following sentences there are two blank spaces. Below each five
pairs of words have been denoted by numbers (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5). Find
out which pair of words can be filled up in the blanks in the sentences in the
same sequence to make the sentence meaningfully complete.
Q.1. It is no secret that most rivers in
India are in ________trouble with the Ganga and the Yamuna _______ the list.
01. serious, leading
02. uniform, pronouncing
03. peculiar, figuring
04. limited, predicting
05. teething, allowing
Q.2.Apple launched the iPad Air and a new
__________ of its iPad mini to tackle increasing _________ in the tablet
market.
01. portal, traffic
02. software, population
03. version, challenge
04. mobile, balance
05. tablet, motivation
Q.3. Juicing simply means that you ought to
_________ your favourite fruits and veggies in the juicer and consume the
extracts for a _________ body.
01. mix, develop
02. blend, healthy
03. tolerate, healthy
04. consume, growth
05. garnish, vibrant
Q.4. Researchers have found that ________
centuries-old practice of yoga with nutrition edition help young patients
manage their disease today and lay the __________ for a healthy future.
01. eliminating, ground
02. growing, basis
03. lofting, platform
04. feeding, groundwork
05. combining, foundation
Q.5. Fruit
became a universal __________ for Christmas when it was discovered that plums
and cherries could be ________ for a long time by soaking it in large solutions
of sugar.
01. food, eaten
02. eatable, saved
03. demand, created
04. offering, preserved
05. pleasure, decorated
Q.6-10. In the following passage there are
blanks each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the
passage and against each five words have been suggested, one of which fits the
blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
Not all disputes in business need to be
settled by a court of law. Nor are lawsuits the most efficient way to find a
solution to a problem an enterprise may face with its stakeholders, business
partners, associates, customers or the government. Sadly, in India, (6) seems to be the preferred mode
for resolving disputes. That has resulted in a huge pile-up of cases before
courts, putting further pressure on a system that is already over-burdened.
Since litigation takes time, disputes often take a heavy toll on businesses and
the parties involved — not just in terms of legal costs, but in terms of
potential loss of business and erosion of asset value. Therefore, seeking
alternative dispute resolution mechanisms is in the best interest of all
involved, including the courts. Tough arbitration, conciliation and mediation
are alternative mechanisms used worldwide by businesses to settle disputes;
this has not been the seen in India. Though we have had laws to facilitate
arbitration and conciliation since 1996, there have not been many takers for
the process. This is because the (7)
processes in India were not time-bound and were seen to be as tedious as
litigation, involving complex paperwork and multiple hearings. Parties also had
to incur high legal costs, just as they did for court hearings. Additionally,
clauses in the Act say that if the arbitral award goes against public policy,
it could be struck down by courts. This resulted in parties to high-profile
arbitration cases often choosing London or Singapore to conduct the process.
Given this history, it is indeed a welcome move that the Government is now
planning to issue rules for mediation under the Companies Act 2013.
Mediation is a better way to settle
commercial disputes, especially those the courts may not be fully (8) to deal with because they require
in-depth understanding of a business. It is also faster and does not require a
legal professional to be the mediator. A sector specialist with deep
understanding of technical details and good communication skills in be an
effective mediator. Thus it is more cost effective, faster and more (9) than litigation or arbitration in
the settling disputes. The Supreme Court and many High Courts have a mediation
cell to help settle cases outside the courtroom. Settlements made at such
mediation centres also have approval of the court and therefore become
enforceable. The Companies Act 2013 also (10)
mediation panels to settle cases pending before the National Companies Law
Tribunal as well as its Appellate Tribunal.
Creating institutional structures is only
one step towards making dispute settlement easier. India also needs to train
enough specialists across sectors to carry out the process of mediation. Most
importantly, a change of mind-set on the part of parties to a dispute is
required to reduce the backlog of cases in courts as well as to truly create an
environment in which it is easy to do business.
Q-6 (1)
cohesion (2) communion (3) truce (4) litigation (5) litigate
Q-7 (1)
arbitration (2) aggravation (3) exacerbation (4) faltering (5) irritation
Q-8 (1)
bare (2) equipped
(3) impromptu (4) credulous (5) manifest
Q-9 (1)
inefficiency (2) ineffectual (3) efficious (4) cogency (5) powerfully
Q-10 (1)
imagine (2) anticipate
(3) envisagement (4) envision (5) envisages
ANSWERS
1. (1)
2. (3)
3. (2)
4. (5)
5. (4)
6. (4)
7. (1)
8. (2)
9. (3)
10. (5)
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