Q.1-10. In the following passage there are blanks each of which has been numbered these numbers are printed below the passage and against each five words have been suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
With the World Health Organisation
releasing guidelines on HIV self-testing, a major obstacle in _(1)_access to diagnosis has been cleared. Though much
progress has been achieved in India in making HIV testing accessible and free
of cost, many infected persons
remain _(2)_of their status. Across the world, nearly 40 per cent of people with HIV are unaware of their infection and run the risk of _(3)_transmitting it. Besides going a long way in preventing new infections, early diagnosis will help in a prompt start to treatment and enable the infected to live longer and_(4)_. Though there has been a 66 per cent drop in incidence in 2015 in India compared with 2000, the number of new HIV infections last year was 86,000; children below 15 years of age alone account for 12 per cent of this number. In 2015, the total number of people with HIV in India was estimated to be 2.1 million. Of this, 1.5 million were detected and tested at integrated counselling and testing centres (ICTC) and about a million people are on treatment. This leaves about half a million who are unaware of their HIV status. The government has _(5)_in principle the proposal to take HIV testing closer to those in need by starting community-based testing. This will soon become operational and will be in addition to institutional testing. India is also weighing the option of self-testing.
remain _(2)_of their status. Across the world, nearly 40 per cent of people with HIV are unaware of their infection and run the risk of _(3)_transmitting it. Besides going a long way in preventing new infections, early diagnosis will help in a prompt start to treatment and enable the infected to live longer and_(4)_. Though there has been a 66 per cent drop in incidence in 2015 in India compared with 2000, the number of new HIV infections last year was 86,000; children below 15 years of age alone account for 12 per cent of this number. In 2015, the total number of people with HIV in India was estimated to be 2.1 million. Of this, 1.5 million were detected and tested at integrated counselling and testing centres (ICTC) and about a million people are on treatment. This leaves about half a million who are unaware of their HIV status. The government has _(5)_in principle the proposal to take HIV testing closer to those in need by starting community-based testing. This will soon become operational and will be in addition to institutional testing. India is also weighing the option of self-testing.
The WHO approved OraQuick HIV self-testing
is based on HIV antibodies present in oral and blood samples. The test can
detect antibodies developed within three months of _(6)_infected.
It is a screening test, and a positive result should be reconfirmed though a
blood-based test. _(7)_greater awareness, people
with HIV still face stigma and discrimination. As a result, getting everyone at
risk of HIV infection tested has been a challenge. The OraQuick self-testing
makes diagnosis easier and faster, besides ensuring privacy and
confidentiality, thus encouraging more people to get tested. But there are
challenges in terms of counselling and sensitivity, with the accuracy of the
tests _(8)_at around 93 per cent. Counselling
has to be done through innovative ways, such as over the telephone, as in the
case of the U.S. _(9)_the conventional method of
getting tested at ICTCs, people self-testing should be more aware about the
possibility of false negatives. But the risk of not getting tested far
outweighs the limitations posed by self-testing. Twenty-three countries have in
place policies that support HIV self-testing. It is time India adopted it _(10)_to enable more people to test themselves and
help break the transmission cycle.
Q.1- (1) develop (2) fixing (3) painted (4) improving (5) construction
Q.2- (1) deaf (2) attentive (3) blind (4) mulish (5) unaware
Q.3- (1) unknowingly (2) consciously (3) aback (4) sudden (5) surprisingly
Q.4- (1) sickening (2) healthier (3) noxious (4) stability (5) creative
Q.5- (1) approved (2) disapproved (3) passed (4) proven (5) uncertain
Q.6- (1) abandoning (2) refusal (3) getting (4) adopting (5) procuring
Q.7- (1) Because of (2) Despite (3) Since (4) Before (5) Although
Q.8- (1) gauged (2) pegged (3) fasten (4) slow (5) detach
Q.9- (1) elaborate (2) promote (3) cautioned (4) Unlike (5) defame
Q.10- (1) slowly (2) rapid (3) quickly (4) later (5) speedily
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MAHENDRA GURU