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Important Notes : Main Events during the Gandhian Era

Mahendra Guru


Rowlatt Act (1919)

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13,1919)

Khilafat movement (1920-22)

Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22)

Swaraj party (1923)

Simon Commission (1927)


Dandi March/Salt Satyagraha (1930)

The First Round Table Conference (1930)


Gandhi-Irwin Pact/Delhi Pact (March 5 1931)


The Second Round Table Conference (1931)

The Communal Award(1932)

Poona Pact(1932)

The Third Round Table Conference (1932)


The Government of India Act 1935
Main events during the Gandhian Era

ROWLATT ACT - (1919)

Lord Chelmsford

In 1918 with Justice Rowlatt

The Rowlatt Act 1919 , Gave unbridled powers

Gave a call for Satyagraha on April 6, 1919

JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE APRIL 13 , 1919

Serious unrest in Punjab

Public meeting held on April 13, 1919 in a park called Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar

General o' Dyer fired at people who assembled in Jallianwala Bagh

KHILAFAT MOVEMENT 1919

The Ali Brothers – Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali started this movement along with Maulana Azad ,

Hakim Ajmal Khan and Hasrat Mohani

Gandhiji viewed the khilafat agitation as a golden opportunity for bringing the Hindus and Muslims together

NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT (1920)

First mass –based political movement under Gandhiji.

Congress passed the resolution in its Calcutta Session in September 1920

The movement envisaged

Surrender of titles and honorary offices

Resignation from nominated offices and posts in the local bodies

Refusal to attend Govt darbars and boycott of British courts by the lawyers

the boycott of foreign goods etc

Prince of Wales visited India during this period. But was greeted with empty streets and downed shutters (1921)

SWARAJ PARTY (1923)

Motilal Nehru, C.R.Das, and N.C. Kelkar organised the Swaraj party

The Foundation of the Swaraj party were laid on Jan 1923 as the ' Congress Khilafat – Swaraj Party '

In 1923 elections , the swarajist got a majority in Bengal and Central Province

SIMON COMMISSION (1927)

Constituted under John Simon , to review the political situation in India and to introduce further reforms and extension of parliamentary democracy

Indian leaders opposed the commission , as there were no Indians in it

Congress turned the boycott into the movement

Simon and his Colleagues were greeted with hartals and black-flag demonstrations

Whenever the commission went there were cries of ' Simon Go Back '

The Government used brutal repression and police attacks to break the popular opposition

NEHRU REPORT (1928)

The Committee was set up under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru to evolve and determine the principals of constitution for India

LAHORE SESSION (1929)

On Dec 19 , 1929 , under the Presidentship of J.L.Nehru , the INC , at its Lahore session , declared Poorna Swaraj

DANDI MARCH (1930)

Also called salt Satyagraha

Along with 78 followers, Gandhiji started his march from Sabarmati Ashram on March 12,1930

He Picked a handful of salt and inaugurated the civil Disobedience Movement

The First Round Table Conference (1930)

It was held in London on Nov 12, 1930 ,to discuss Simon Commission

Boycotted by INC . Muslim League , Hindu Mahasabha , etc .

Postponed to jan 2 , 1931 in the absence of any major political party

GANDHI IRWIN PACT

Moderate statesman , Sapru and Jayakar initiated efforts to break the ice between gandhiji and the government

The two government signed a pact on March 5, 1931

In this the INC called off the civil disobedience movement and agreed to join the second round table conference

SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE (1931)

Lord Willington

Gandhiji represented the INC and went to London to meet British P.M. Ramsay Macdonald

Demanded full responsible government

The conference, however, failed as Gandhiji could not agree with British Prime Minister Ramsay Mac Donald

The Conference closed on Dec 1, 1931, without any concrete result

THECOMMUNAL AWARD 1932

Announced by Ramsay McDonald. It showed divide and rule policy of the British.

Envisaged representation of Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo Indians, women and even Backward Classes.

POONA PACT 1932

Announcement of communal award and subsequent fast of Gandhiji, mass meeting took place almost everywhere

Political leaders like Madan Mohan Malviya, B.R.Ambedkar and M.C.Rajah became active

Eventually, Poona pact was reached and Gandhiji broke his fast on the sixth day

Thus Poona pact agreed upon a joint electorate for upper and lower caste

THIRD ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE (1932)


Proved fruitless as most of the national leaders were in prison

The discussion led to the passing of the Government of India Act 1935

THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1935

Based on Simon Commission report

Govt of India Act provided for a federal type of government
1) Act introduced provincial autonomy

2) Abolished Dyarchy in provinces

3) Made minister responsible to the legislative and Federation at the center
Note - J.L.NEHRU REMARKS – ' IT WAS A NEW CHARTER OF SLAVERY'

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