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Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some questions.
Scientists have developed a gel that helps brains recover from traumatic injuries. It has the potential to treat head injuries suffered in combat, car accidents, falls, or gunshot wounds. Developed by Dr. Ning Zhang at Clemson University in South Carolina, the gel is injected in liquid form at the site of injury and stimulates the growth of stem cells there. Brain injuries are particularly hard to repair, since injured tissues swell up and can cause additional damage to the cells. So far, treatments have tried to limit this secondary damage by lowering the temperature or relieving the pressure at the site of injury. However, these techniques are often not very effective.
More recently, scientists have considered transplanting donor brain cells into the wound to repair damaged tissue. This method has so far had limited results when treating brain injuries. The donor cells often fail to grow or stimulate repair at the injury site, possibly because of the inflammation and scarring present there. The injury site also typically has very limited blood supply and connective tissue, which might prevent donor cells from getting the nutrients they require.
Dr. Zhang's gel, however, can be loaded with different chemicals to stimulate various biological processes at the site of injury. In previous research done on rats, she was able to use the gel to help re-establish full blood supply at the site of brain injury. This could help create a better environment for donor cells. In a follow-up study, Dr. Zhang loaded the gel with immature stem cells, as well as the chemicals they needed to develop into full-fledged adult brain cells. When rats with severe brain injuries were treated with this mixture for eight weeks, they showed signs of significant recovery. The new gel could treat patients at varying stages following injury, and is expected to be ready for testing in humans in about three years.
1. What kind of brain injuries can the gel mentioned in the passage cure?
(1) Car accidents
(2) Gunshot injury
(3) Falls
(4) Dementia
(5) All except 4
2. Why, according to the author, brain injuries are hard to mend?
(1) As it is difficult to find good doctors to repair it.
(2) As injured tissues swell up and can cause additional damage to the cells.
(3) As the person dies instantly after his head is injured.
(4) All except 3
(5) All of the above
3. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE in context of the passage?
(1) Dr. Ning Zhang at Clemson University in South Carolina has developed a gel which could help brain recover from injuries.
(2) The gel developed for curing brain injuries is injected in gaseous form at the site of injury and stimulates the growth of stem cells there.
(3) The gunshot wounds are the worst injuries that a brain could experience and could not be cured by anyone.
(4) The new gel would be ready for testing in humans in the next five years.
(5) Both 1 and 4
4. Which animal has Dr. Ning Zhang use to test her gel?
(1) Cows
(2) Mouse
(3) Rats
(4) Birds
(5) Dogs
5. Which of the following statements is/are FALSE in context of the study performed by Dr Ning Zhang?
(A) She applied the gel on rats to help re-establish full blood supply at the site of brain injury.
(B) Dr. Zhang loaded the gel with immature stem cells, as well as the chemicals they needed to develop into full-fledged adult brain cells.
(C) When rats with minor brain injuries were treated with the mixture produced by her, for eight weeks, they showed signs of significant recovery.
(1) Only A
(2) Both A and C
(3) Only B
(4) Only C
(5) Both B and C
6. Why do the donor cells often fail to grow according to the author?
(1) Because of the inflammation and scarring present there
(2) Because it is the most sensitive part of the body
(3) Because the brain cells once damaged take three years to repair altogether
(4) Because the donor cells are always infected
(5) Because the donor cells do not match the damaged tissues
7. Choose the word which is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Traumatic
(1) Painful
(2) Outrageous
(3) minor
(4) Ridiculous
(5) Specific
8. Choose the word which is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Stimulates
(1) Manage
(2) Vibrate
(3) Dedicate
(4) Alter
(5) Prevents
9. Choose the word most SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold, as used in the passage.
Combat
(1) Fight
(2) Demonstration
(3) Harmony
(4) Accord
(5) Tangibility
10. Choose the word most SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold, as used in the passage.
Significant
(1) Daily
(2) Noticeable
(3) Leisurely
(4) Accurate
(5) Preserved
Answer-
1. (5)
2. (2)
3. (1)
4. (3)
5. (4)
6. (1)
7. (3)
8. (5)
9. (1)
10. (2)
