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Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some questions.
July 25, 2015 deserves a special place in the history of green energy. The day Germany achieved a record 74 per cent of its power generation from renewable energy sources. As India is edging towards an energy transition, it can learn lessons from world leaders in renewable energy, like Germany. According to the International Energy Agency, Germany now produces 38,250 mw of solar power, the highest in the world. It is leading the charge through a transformation it calls the ‘Energiewende’ or the energy revolution.
But the real contribution to this energy revolution has come from the common man. Individual citizens have made more than half the investments in the country’s renewables through solar residential roof top units. Since Germany started connecting renewables in the 1990s, the underlying strength has always been the design of the balancing ancillary power markets, which are designed to provide minute by minute balancing of the difference between supply and demand.
Are you a Green citizen? This is a question thrown around commonly in Germany. In a recent poll the Energiewende still had 90 per cent approval. Even though electricity rates rose in the EU, the annual per-capita carbon emissions were cut down by 1.2 tonnes. And majority of the German population, that is the right measure of success when it comes to Green Energy and not through the subsidies or profit margins. Although the subsidy rates in Germany have been falling for the residential solar feed-in, energy utilities are legally obliged to pay producers of solar electricity a fixed remuneration for the solar power fed into the grid. You can earn as much as €10-13 per kWh for a small roof-top solar unit.
Due to the integration of renewables at residential level, the power flow is bidirectional; and there is a good possibility of the generation at the local residential node increasing more than the power demand at the same node. This leads to immense complexity in the grid, and with increased complexity you have higher planning and infrastructure costs. To overcome these issues, utilities have turned to advanced demand response, storage, load peak shaving and forecasting techniques. The focus in Germany is on long-term planning and modelling of networks.
This has given birth to new age smart grid companies that help utilities optimally manage their grids, while saving on infrastructure costs. And when the utilities start becoming more profitable they can care for their customers in a better way and provide higher subsidies for the people who want to contribute energy to the grid.
In a country where thousands still live without electricity, transforming the Indian grid to a European one might seem a distant dream. And in India the progress in solar has been more on the ‘Utility Solar’ (say, a solar park) rather than on residential level. So, not only policy makers but also the citizens need to strive to bring an energy revolution to India.
1. When did the Germany start connecting renewables?
(1) 1998
(2) 1990
(3) 1990s
(4) 2015
(5) 2030
2. Which of the following sentences is/are TRUE according to the passage?
A. The subsidy rates in Germany have been falling
B. The focus in Germany is on long-term planning and modelling of networks.
C. The real contribution to energy revolution has come from the common man.
(1) Only A
(2) Only B
(3) Only A and C
(4) Only A and C
(5) All A, B and C
3. Who produces the highest solar energy in the world according to the passage?
(1) Germany
(2) America
(3) India
(4) Bangladesh
(5) Sri Lanka
4. What is considered the right measure of success and not profit making?
(1) The major part of Germany involved in green revolution.
(2) Although the Electricity rates rose, the annual per-capita carbon emissions were cut down by 1.2 tonnes.
(3) Germany achieved a record 74 per cent of its power generation from renewable energy sources.
(4) Power markets designed to provide minute by minute balancing of the difference between supply and demand.
(5) All of the above.
5. What is counter-attacking the falling of the subsidy of the residential solar feed in?
(1) The immense complexity in the grid.
(2) The strive to bring energy revolution in India.
(3) The electricity rates raised by EU.
(4) Payment to producers of solar electricity a fixed remuneration for the solar power fed into the grid.
(5) Not mentioned in the passage.
6. What has given birth to new age smart grid companies that help utilities optimally manage their grids?
(1) Advanced demand response, storage, load peak shaving and forecasting techniques for utilities.
(2) Germany is focusing on short-term planning.
(3) The renewable power flow is multidirectional.
(4) India edging towards energy transition.
(5) ‘Energiewende’ is the term given to the green revolution in Germany.
7. Choose the word most SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold, as used in the passage.
Underlying
(1) Overt
(2) Apparent
(3) Assailable
(4) Auxiliary
(5) Fundamental
8. Choose the word most SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold, as used in the passage.
Ancillary
(1) Aggrandize
(2) Unsupportive
(3) Subordinate
(4) Necessary
(5) Basal
9. Choose the word which is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Integration
(1) Consolidation
(2) Segregation
(3) Inclusion
(4) Amalgamation
(5) Synthesis
10. Choose the word which is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Distant
(1) Remote
(2) Aloof
(3) Reticent
(4) Reserved
(5) Familiar
Answer.
Q1. (3) Q2. (5) Q3. (1) Q4. (2) Q5. (4) Q6. (1) Q7. (5) Q8. (3) Q9. (2) Q10. (5)
