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Q.1-10. Read the following passages carefully and answer the given questions.
PASSAGE-1
Railways were first introduced to India in the year 1853 from Mumbai to Thane. In 1951 the systems were nationalised as one unit, the Indian Railways, becoming one of the largest networks in the world. IR operates both long distance and suburban rail systems on a multi-gauge network of broad, metre and narrow gauges. It also owns locomotive and coach production facilities at several places in India, with assigned codes identifying their gauge, kind of power and type of operation. Its operations cover twenty nine states and seven union territories and also provide limited international services to Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
Indian Railways is the world's seventh largest commercial or utility employer, by number of employees, with over 1.376 million employees as of last published figures in 2013. IR's rolling stock comprises of over 245,267 Freight Wagons, 66,392 Passenger Coaches and 10,499 Locomotives (43 steam, 5,633 diesel and 4,823 electric locomotives). The trains have a 5 digit numbering system and runs 12,617 passenger trains and 7,421 freight trains daily. As of 31 March 2016, 27,999 km (17,398 mi) (41.59%) of the total 67,312 km (41,826 mi) route length was electrified. Since 1960, almost all electrified sections on IR use 25,000 Volt AC traction through overhead catenary of delivery.
Q.1. When was the first train introduce in India?
A. 1853
B. 1854
C. 1855
D. None of the above
Q.2. What is the rank of railways as a commercial employer?
A. Sixth
B. Seventh
C. Fourth
D. Third
Q.3. Indian railways covers how many union territories?
A. Seven
B. Eight
C. Nine
D. Not mentioned in the passage.
Q.4. Who was the Prime minister during Inauguration of Indian Metros?
A. Jawaharlal Nehru
B. Indira Gandhi
C. Rajiv Gandhi
D. Not mentioned in the passage.
Q.5. Do Indian trains provide International services?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Sometimes
D. Not mentioned in the passage
PASSAGE-2
Scientists have discovered a jet of cool, dense gas - with an unusual, swirling structure - which indicates the presence of a growing supermassive black hole in the centre of a galaxy located 70 million light years from Earth. Astronomers used the Alma telescope (Atacama Large Millimetre/sub millimetre Array) to observe a remarkable structure in the centre of the galaxy NGC 1377, located in the constellation Eridanus.
The observations with Alma unveil a jet which is 500 light years long and less than 60 light years across, travelling at speeds of at least 800,000 kilometres per hour. Most galaxies have a supermassive black hole in their centres; these black holes can have masses of between a few million to a billion solar masses. How they grew to be so massive is a long-standing mystery for scientists. A black hole's presence can be seen indirectly by telescopes when matter is falling into it - a process which astronomers call "accretion."
Jets of fast-moving material are typical signatures that a black hole is growing by accreting matter. The jet in NGC 1377 unveils the presence of a supermassive black hole. The jet has ejected molecular gas equivalent to two million times the mass of the Sun over a period of only around half a million years - a very short time in the life of a galaxy.
Q.6. Which of the following is the most suitable title of the above passage?
A. Invention of black hole
B. Discovery of supermassive black hole
C. The Alma Telescope
D. Constellation
Q.7. Most galaxies have a supermassive black hole in their -
A. corner
B. neighbourhood
C. centre
D. adjacent
Q.8. Which telescope was used by the astronomers to observe a structure in the centre of the galaxy?
A. Beta telescope
B. Gama telescope
C. Agni Telescope
D. Alma Telescope
Q.9. “Accretion’’ is a process of -
A. A black hole's presence can be seen indirectly by telescopes when matter is falling into it
B. A black hole's presence can be seen indirectly by telescopes when matter is falling apart from it
C. A black hole's presence can be seen directly by telescope when matter is not falling into it
D. A black hole's presence can be seen indirectly by telescopes when matter is getting away it
Q.10. The jet has ejected molecular gas equivalent to -
A. five million times the mass of the Sun
B. two million times the mass of the Sun
C. seven two million times the mass of the Sun
D. eleven million times the mass of the Sun
ANSWERS:
1. (A)
2. (B)
3. (A)
4. (D)
5. (C)
6. (B)
7. (C)
8. (D)
9. (A)
10. (B)
