Dear Readers,
Mahendras has started special quizzes for IBPS PO & Clerk Exam so that you can practice more and more to crack the examination. This IBPS PO & Clerk Exam special quiz series will mold your preparations in the right direction and the regular practice of these quizzes will be really very helpful in scoring good marks in the Examination. Here we are providing you the important question of reasoning ability for the IBPS PO & Clerk Exam.
Q1-10 Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some questions.
India has come a long way in making safe blood available throughout the year, but much remains to be done before we reach the cherished goal of 100 per cent voluntary donation and the availability of safe blood across the country at all times. This is food for thought, especially on World Blood Donor Day which is observed every year or June 14.
Here is why. Voluntary donors from low-risk populations form the cornerstone of a programme of safe and adequate blood supply. Yet, voluntary donation comprises only about 70 per cent of the demand in India, with the rest being met by replacement donation.
Replacement donors are friends and relatives of a patient who donate blood as replacement for the blood given to the patient. Though paid blood donation was banned in January 1998 after the Supreme Court’s directive, replacement donation now ensures that professional donation continues to operate in the form of relatives/friends.
That professional donors pass off as replacement donors at blood banks and hospitals is rather a norm in the case of patients who have been admitted to tertiary care hospitals in a new city. At times, these replacement donors (friends and relatives) are more likely to harm the recipients by hiding or overlooking the many don’ts of donation. Compounding this is the fact that many hospitals and banks often never care to study their elaborate medical history and carry out behavioural screening.
Though voluntary self-deferral to donate without citing reasons is widely accepted, replacement donors rarely resort to it either to hide their high-risk behaviour or due to pressure to meet the immediate demand for certain units of blood. As a result, the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C is much higher among family donors when compared to voluntary donors. Though donated blood is screened for transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) such as HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis and malaria, the tests fail to detect the diseases in the window period of infection.
In the case of HIV, the window period (time between exposure to infection and the point when the test reflects accurate results) varies depending on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay used. Further, the risk of replacement donors having TTIs is 1.5-2.5 times higher than for voluntary donors. Donating safe blood can become a reality only when replacement donors are phased out and the focus is shifted to increasing blood collection through voluntary donations to meet ‘over 95 per cent of blood requirement’. This can be done through increased awareness, providing appropriate facilities for people to donate blood, and improved donor retention.
The concerted efforts by the government, blood banks and others have resulted in a progressive increase in voluntary blood donation. From about 54.5 per cent in 2006, the amount of blood collected from voluntary donors rose to 84 per cent in 2013-2014 in National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO)-supported blood banks. The total annual amount of units collected has also shown an absolute increase in over 10 years — from 4.4 million blood units in 2007 to 10 million units on average in the last three years. A study to estimate requirements is now under way.
The 1,1F NACO-supported blood banks alone accounted for over 5.7 million blood units collected during 2013-2014. Tamil Nadu and Arunachal Pradesh recorded 100 per cent voluntary donation in NACO-supported banks. Maharashtra comes close with 97 per cent voluntary donation. But when compared with Tamil Nadu, where only 0.34 million units were collected, Maharashtra collected 0.7 million in 2013-2014. Delhi had only B per cent voluntary donation — the least in the country. The absolute collection was 0.3 million units. This is primarily due to greater reliance on replacement donors and the more number of private sector blood banks.
Finally, the immediate goal will be to meet the National AIDS Control Programme IV (2012- 2017) plan of having in place over 50 per cent of all the blood banks that are NACO-supported and collect 90 per cent of the blood in the country, with 95 per cent of the donation from voluntary donors.
Q1 The donated blood is not screened for which of the following diseases?
01. HIV
02. Hepatitis B
03. Gonorrhoea
04. Syphilis
05. Malaria
Q2 Voluntary donation comprises approximately what per cent of the demand in India?
01. 25%
02. 50%
03. 60%
04. 90%
05. 70%
Q3 Which of the following is true regarding voluntary donation in context to the passage?
01. Tamil Nadu and Arunachal Pradesh recorded 100 per cent voluntary donation in NACO-supported banks
02. Maharashtra comes close with 97 per cent voluntary donation.
03. In Tamil Nadu, only 0.34 million units were collected,
04. Delhi had only B per cent voluntary donation — the least in the country.
05. All of the above
Q4 What was the rise in percentage of voluntary donation from 2006 to 2014 in NACO?
01. 29.5%
02. 30%
03. 31.5%
04. 84%
05. 54.5%
Q5 When is World Blood Donor Day celebrated in India?
01. July 15th
02. June 14th
03. Nov 4th
04. Dec 12th
05. Not mentioned in the passage.
Q6 Which of the following states have recorded maximum percentage of voluntary donation in NACO-supported banks?
A. Maharashtra
B. Delhi
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Arunachal Pradesh
01. Only A
02. Only C
03. Both A and B
04. Both C and D
05. All of the above
Q7 Which of the following is the most similar in meaning to the word ‘screened’ as given in the passage?
01. Friendly
02. Abandoned
03. Gregarious
04. Outgoing
05. Retired
Q8 Which of the following is the most similar in meaning to the word ‘cherished’ as given in the passage?
01. Condemn
02. Desecrate
03. Embalm
04. Enshrine
05. Laud
Q9 Which of the following is the most opposite in meaning to the word ‘sensitive’ as given in the passage?
01. Apathy
02. Sympathy
03. Delicacy
04. Fragility
05. Subtlety
Q10 Which of the following is the most opposite in meaning to the word ‘voluntary’ as given in the passage?
01. Volitional
02. Endorse
03. Obligatory
04. Deliberate
05. Relegate
Answers:-
Q.1 (3)
Q.2 (5)
Q.3 (5)
Q.4 (1)
Q.5 (4)
Q.6 (3)
Q.7 (2)
Q.8 (4)
Q.9 (1)
Q.10 (3)
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