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English Language Quiz For IBPS & SBI Exam | 09-12-2020

Swati Mahendras



 Dear Readers,

Mahendras has started special quizzes for IBPS & SBI Exam so that you can practice more and more to crack the examination. This IBPS & SBI Exam special quiz series will mold your preparations in the right direction and the regular practice of these quizzes will be really very helpful in scoring good marks in the Examination. Here we are providing you the important question of reasoning ability for the IBPS & SBI Exam.


1-10. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some questions.

The Supreme Court’s judgment in a case, upholding the constitutionality of criminal defamation will be remembered more for its obscurely colourful language than for its progressive values. The court has again bent the arc of jurisprudence towards fear and paternalism, rather than liberty and rights. The arguments striking down Sections 499 and 500 of the Indian Penal Code are now familiar: These restrictions have a chilling effect on freedom of speech; they create an anomaly whereby the threshold for criminal prosecution for defamation is now possibly lower than the threshold for civil damages; they provide public remedies for essentially private wrongs; they go against the global trend of decriminalising defamation, and so forth. These arguments provide good grounds to think that this judgment is an atrocious blow against freedom of expression. But there is reason to think that this judgment is not just an idiosyncratic pathology of one bench. If we are interested in a defence of liberalism, we need to go beyond doctrine, and excavate the deep roots of these pathological judgments. 

There is one preliminary technical matter. Many lawyers have argued that damage to reputation is a private wrong. This use of the public-private distinction is not actually as self-evident as liberals make it out to be. What is a public or a private wrong is always a function of law; it is not given antecedent to it. The issue at stake is where the line should be drawn. Saying that damage to reputation is by definition a private wrong; or that damage to reputation is not as serious a matter as minor physical assault, is actually begging the question. That defamation is a private crime is not a fact as liberals assume; it is a conclusion that needs to be argued. They would be better off arguing that even if it is not a purely private crime, the costs of dealing with it with criminal remedies far outweigh the benefits. The fact that allegations can be refuted in an open society; the fact that there are civil remedies should be enough to address concerns. 

The moral charge of the judgment actually comes from taking damage to reputation as a serious public issue. Liberals do themselves disservice by not taking this concern seriously. And here we are, as always, more in the realm of moral psychology, than law. Law often depends on an underlying picture of what a society should fear more. The judges look at Indian society and regard those who are worried about freedom of expression, as someone crying fire in Noah’s flood. They implicitly weighed the risk to society from an unfettered culture of allegation-mongering more heavily than the risk of misusing criminal law to harass journalists. The judges are probably wrong about this: The dozens of defamation cases filed in Tamil Nadu to silence journalists, the fact that powerful politicians are using this as a weapon against each other, should have been a sign to the judges that criminal defamation can fetter democratic accountability. In fact, the democratic accountability argument is a stronger argument for decriminalising defamation than a pure free speech argument. 

But the really troubling issue is this. In the evolution of law, the trend is usually towards decriminalisation of more crimes and the institution of civil remedies. India seems to be moving in an opposite direction. More and more crimes, from trademark violations to drinking and eating, are becoming criminal violations. We prefer penal over civil remedies. Why is this? Underlying these punitive responses is the large fact of institutional decay and incapacity. As it has been pointed out in a brilliant article, India is extraordinary in the degree to which it has an underdeveloped tort system. So everything becomes a matter of public rather than private law. The justice system disincentivises the claims; it is far easier to get the state involved. Second, in the actual functioning of courts, civil remedies take an inordinately long time; civil defamation cases can last decades. So judges implicitly don’t see it as a remedy. Our punitive impulses are an expression of deep institutional failure. 

1 Towards which of the following has the arc of jurisprudence has been bent? 

01. Liberalism 

02. Fear and paternalism 

03. Liberty and rights 

04. Freedom of speech 

05. All of the above 

2 The Supreme Court’s judgment upholding the constitutionality of criminal defamation is a blow against freedom of expression’ which of the following arguments suggest the same? 

A. the threshold for criminal prosecution for defamation is lower than the threshold for civil damages 

B. provides public remedies for essentially private wrongs 

C. Goes against the global trend of decriminalising defamation. 

D. the judgment is not just an idiosyncratic pathology of one bench 

01. Only A 

02. Only B 

03. Only C 

04. All except D 

05. Only D 

3 Everything in India becomes a matter of public rather than private law. Why? 

01. India has an underdeveloped tort system. 

02. It is far more difficult to get the state involved. 

03. Civil remedies take an inordinately short time. 

04. Civil defamation cases can last centuries. 

05. All of the above 

4 Which of the following options best expresses the meaning of the expression ' allegation mongering '? 

01. misuse of allegations 

02. blame oneself for other's mistake 

03. blame the journalists 

04. to deny the allegations 

05. all of the above 

5 Indians prefer penal remedies over civil remedies, why? 

01. civil defamation cases can last decades 

02. every matter in india is a public issue 

03. India has a well-developed jurisdiction 

04. Both A and C 

05. All of the above 

6 Which of the following sentences is no true in context of the given passage? 

01. damage to reputation is a private wrong. 

02. civil remedies take an inordinately long time 

03. Indians prefer penal over civil remedies 

04. Decriminalizing defamation is a national trend 

05. All of the above 

7 Which of the following options is the most similar in meaning to the word 'defamation' as given in the sentence? 

01. slander 

02. flattery 

03. laudation 

04. indifference 

05. exaltation 

8 Which of the following options is the most similar in meaning to the word 'idiosyncratic' as given in the sentence? 

01. volatile 

02. enduring 

03. capricious 

04. peculiar 

05. concrete 

9 Which of the following options is the most opposite in meaning to the word 'excavate' as given in the sentence? 

01. burrow 

02. investigate 

03. rummage 

04. deepen 

05. cover 

10 Which of the following options is the most opposite in meaning to the word 'disservice' as given in the sentence? 

01. injustice 

02. prejudice 

03. assistance 

04. adultration 

05. putridity 

Answers :-

Q.1 (2) 

Q.2 (4) 

Q.3 (1) 

Q.4 (1) 

Q.5 (1) 

Q.6 (4) 

Q.7 (1) 

Q.8 (4) 

Q.9 (4) 

Q.10 (3)

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