Dear Readers,
Mahendras has started special quizzes for IBPS & SBI Exam so that you can practice more and more to crack the examination. This IBPS & SBI Exam special quiz series will mold your preparations in the right direction and the regular practice of these quizzes will be really very helpful in scoring good marks in the Examination. Here we are providing you the important question of reasoning ability for the IBPS & SBI Exam.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some questions.
A drama student started classes at the New York acting school they attended. She faced stiff competition – and never let on that she lives with a rare, incurable condition, gastroparesis, that means she can’t eat solid food and must be fed via a tube into her intestine for 10 to 15 hours a day. “I try to do it at night, so that it doesn’t interfere with my day-to-day life,” she says. “It’s difficult, though, since it means I’m connected to a machine on the mains supply and I can’t really move; it’s difficult to get a good night’s sleep. But it’s just one of those things you have to adjust to.”
So, how does such a young person keep going? How does the mum having chemotherapy for a life-threatening cancer get up, make the packed lunches and take the kids to school? How do parents who have lost a child go to work and do the laundry? When others face these daunting challenges, we look on and admire their fortitude. In fact, most of us would do the same if we had to – we are a remarkably resilient species. But the science that underpins resilience is only partly understood.
Resilience is our response to an event that could otherwise impair our normal function. It can be a biological, psychological or social adaptation – or all three. Genetics play a role in how we adapt to a hostile challenge to our health or wellbeing, and early life experiences have an enormous impact: if you wanted to design the ultimate resilient human, you would start with resilient parents, grant the child a secure early life, sprinkle a liberal dusting of money, education and resources and teach them to see adversity as a challenge. You would pay as much attention to their mental wellbeing as their physical health. You would tell them to react to adversity by reaching out. Suffering in silence isn’t resilience – it’s just suffering.
A professor of clinical psychology at Columbia University, and his team have studied how people cope with adversity. They looked at national data sets and found that, if you measure depression in people before and after major adverse events – such as a cancer diagnosis, a heart attack, chronic pain, trauma or bereavement – about 65-70% of people appear resilient, weathering the painful time without becoming more depressed than they were before. Even people who are paralysed after a spinal-cord injury don’t necessarily become depressed: the same figure, 65-70%, applies.
Fascinatingly, 10% of people who were depressed before a major adverse event actually stop being depressed when they are diagnosed with cancer or a life-threatening disease. An associate professor of psychology at Middlesex University, wonders whether this is because support networks kick in when a person is diagnosed with cancer in a way that may have been lacking before.
Of course, measuring resilience is difficult. There is no single good tool; researchers use a combination of general-health questionnaires, life-satisfaction ratings and scores of subjective wellbeing. Repeated measurements over time are needed, because resilience is the absence of big changes in these scores even when your world seems to be imploding.
A cluster of factors affects resilience, each of which has a fairly small effect. That’s good news, because if you are low in one factor you can compensate with others. According to the Associate professor, social relationships are key. “Resilience isn’t just about the individual; it’s about the family, community or specialist groups that surround them,” he says.
Indeed, some interventions for developing resilience have backfired in the past: the Dare (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) initiative in the 80s famously led to an increase in drug use in the US, and the same is true of some educational programmes to cut eating disorders and suicide rates in young people. The US army spent more than $100m on a programme to build soldiers’ resilience, but the soldiers hated it, and there is little evidence that it achieved much. Then there is the phenomenon of risk homeostasis, which says that people take more risks when you try to make them act more safely – for instance, the theory that enforcing the wearing of cycle helmets means cyclists take more chances. In a similar way, if you ram resilience down people’s throats, they can become more destabilised, there is a fine line between being too resilient and being insensitive. Even the most robust among us will have moments of fragility and despair. And that’s OK, too.
1 Which of the following should be done to create an ultimate resilient child?
01. The kid should be sprinkled with a liberal dusting of money, education and resources
02. The kid should be taught to see adversity as a challenge.
03. As much attention should be paid to the child’s mental wellbeing as its physical health.
04. The kid should have resilient parents as genetics play an important role.
05. All of the above
2 What was the percentage share of people who appeared to be resilient after a major adverse event?
01. 10-15%
02. 25-50%
03. 70-90%
04. 65-70%
05. 35-50%
3 Which of the following sentences is/are true in context of the passage?
01. The US army spent more than $500m on a programme to build soldiers’ resilience
02. The Dare initiative in the 80’s famously led to an increase in drug use in the US.
03. There are many good tools to measure resilience.
04. A patient of gastroparesis can eat solid food and doesn’t need to be fed via tubes
05. All of the above
4 What are the outcomes of risk homeostasis in patients?
01. People become mentally resilient to the risk of dying
02. People get morally weak and can’t take risks anymore
03. People tend to make more risks if asked to act safely
04. People take less risks if given a responsibility by elders
05. Not mentioned in the passage
5 Which of the following statements is/are not true regarding resilience as mentioned in the passage?
01. It can be a biological adaptation
02. It can be a Psychological adaptation
03. It can be a social adaptation
04. It can be a physical adaptation
05. All of the above
6 Resilience can be measured by which of the following method/s as mentioned in the passage?
01. General-health questionnaires,
02. Life-satisfaction ratings
03. subjective wellbeing scores
04. There is no such method
05. All of the above
7 Which of the following is the mist similar in meaning to the word 'daunting' as given in the passage?
01. disheartening
02. alarming
03. comforting
04. stimulating
05. pleasing
8 Which of the following is the most similar in meaning to the word 'backfired 'as gioven oin the passage?
01. ransack
02. chaos
03. rebound
04. overcome
05. miscarry
9 Which of the following is the most opposite in meaning to the word 'fortitude' as given in the passage?
01. tenacity
02. mettle
03. apathy
04. lethargy
05. cowardice
10 Which of the following is the most opposite in meaning to the word 'fragility' as given in the passage?
01. brittleness
02. coarse
03. timid
04. rugged
05. strength
Answers :-
Q.1 (5)
Q.2 (4)
Q.3 (2)
Q.4 (3)
Q.5 (4)
Q.6 (5)
Q.7 (2)
Q.8 (3)
Q.9 (5)
Q.10 (5)
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