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Mahendras has started special quizzes for IBPS & SBI Exam so that you can practice more and more to crack the examination. This IBPS & SBI Exam special quiz series will mold your preparations in the right direction and the regular practice of these quizzes will be really very helpful in scoring good marks in the Examination. Here we are providing you the important question of reasoning ability for the IBPS & SBI Exam.
1-10. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some questions.
While complex in the extreme, Derrida’s work has proven to be a particularly influential approach to the analysis of the ways in which language structures our understanding of ourselves and the world we inhabit, an approach he termed deconstruction. In its simplest formulation, deconstruction can be taken to refer to a methodological strategy which seeks to uncover layers of hidden meaning in a text that have been denied or suppressed.
At the heart of Derrida’s deconstructive approach is his critique of what he perceives to be the totalitarian impulse of the Enlightenment pursuit to bring all that exists in the world under the domain of representative language, a pursuit he refers to as logocentrism. Logocentrism is the search for a rational language that is able to know and represent the world and all its aspects perfectly and accurately. Its totalitarian dimension, for Derrida at least, lies primarily in its tendency to marginalize or dismiss all that does not neatly comply with its particular linguistic representations, a tendency that, throughout history, has all too frequently been manifested in the form of authoritarian institutions. Thus logocentrism has, in its search for the truth of absolute representation, subsumed difference and oppressed that which it designates as its alien ‘other’.
In response to logocentrism, deconstruction posits the idea that the mechanism by which this process of marginalization and the ordering of truth occurs is through establishing systems of binary opposition. Oppositional linguistic dualisms, such as rational/irrational, culture/nature and good/bad are not, however, construed as equal partners.
Derrida defines the neologism difference as the realization that in any statement, oppositional terms differ from each other and at the same time, a hierarchical relationship is maintained by the deference of one term to the other.
For the fact at any given time one term must defer to its oppositional ‘other’, means that the two terms are constantly in a state of interdependence. The presence of one is dependent upon the absence or ‘absentpresence’ of the ‘other’, such as in the case of good and evil, whereby to understand the nature of one, we must constantly relate it to the absent term in order to grasp its meaning. That is, to do good, we must understand that our act is not evil, for without that comparison the term becomes meaningless. Put simply, deconstruction represents an attempt to demonstrate the absent-presence of this oppositional ‘other’, to show that what we say or write is in itself not expressive simply of what is present, but also of what is absent. Thus, deconstruction seeks to reveal the interdependence of apparently dichotomous terms and their meanings relative to their textual context; that is, within the linguistic power relations which structure dichotomous terms hierarchically. In Derrida’s own words, a deconstructive reading “must always aim at a certain relationship, unperceived by the writer, between what he commands and what he does not command of the patterns of a language that he uses. It attempts to make the not-seen accessible to sight.”
Meaning, then, is never fixed or stable, whatever the intention of the author of a text. For Derrida, language is a system of relations that are dynamic, in that all meanings we ascribe to the world are dependent not only on what we believe to be present but also on what is absent.
As author of its own biography, the subject thus becomes the ideological fiction of modernity and its logocentric philosophy, one that depends upon the formation of hierarchical dualisms, which repress and deny the presence of the absent ‘other’. No meaning can, therefore, even be definitive, but is merely an outcome of a particular interpretation.
1 What does deconstruction seek to reveal as per the passage mentioned above?
01. the interdependence of apparently dichotomous terms and their meanings relative to their textual context.
02. the interdependence of apparently dichotomous terms and the linguistic power relations which structure dichotomous terms hierarchically.
03. the interdependence of apparently anonymous terms and their indeterminate meanings relative to their textual context.
04. Both (1) and (2)
05. Both (2) and (3)
2 According to the passage, Derrida believes that :
01. Reality can be construed only through the use of rational analysis
02. Language limits our construction of reality
03. A universal language will facilitate a common understanding of reality
04. We need to uncover the hidden meaning in a system of relations expressed by language
05. A tendency that, throughout history, has all too frequently been manifested in the form of authoritarian institutions.
3 Deconstruction can be taken to refer to a methodological strategy which seeks to-
01. uncover layers of hidden meaning in a text that have been accepted many years ago.
02. uncover layers of hidden meaning in a text that have been denied or suppressed.
03. uncover layers of absolutely explicit meaning in a text that have been denied or suppressed.
04. Both (1) and (2)
05. Not give in the passage
4 Which of the following, does not imply ‘logocentrism’ to Derrida?
01. A totalitarian impulse
02. A domain of representative language
03. Interdependence of the meanings of dichotomous (divisive) terms
04. A strategy that seeks to suppress hidden meanings in a text.
05. An outcome of a particular interpretation
5 According to Derrida what does the system of binary opposition represent?
01. represents a prioritization or hierarchy
02. reconciles contradictions and dualities
03. weakens the process of marginalization and ordering of truth
04. deconstructs reality
05. constructs reality
6 Derrida rejects the idea of ‘definitive authority of the subject’ because-
01. interpretation of the text may not make the unseen visible
02. the meaning of the text is based on binary opposites
03. the implicit power relationship is often ignored
04. any act of interpretation must refer to what the author intends
05. the implicit power relationship is often considered
7 What can be best understood by the meaning of the word ‘Marginalization’ according to the passage?
01. treatment of a person, group, or concept as insignificant or peripheral.
02. treatment of a person, group, or concept as significant or peripheral.
03. unfair treatment of a person, group, or concept as peripheral.
04. the action of attempting to explain or justify behaviour or an attitude with logical reasons, even if these are not appropriate.
05. a sum of money allocated officially for a particular use.
8 Choose the word which is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning as the word given in bold as used in the passage.
Accessible
01. Available
02. Practicable
03. Attainable
04. Restricted
05. Obtainable
9 Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word given in bold as used in the passage.
Subsumed
01. Divisive
02. Apparent
03. Vicious
04. Incorporated
05. Obnoxious
10 Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word given in bold as used in the passage.
Authoritarian
01. Hypnotic
02. Adversarial
03. Yielding
04. Tyrannical
05. Submissive
Answers:-
Q.1 (4)
Q.2 (4)
Q.3 (2)
Q.4 (3)
Q.5 (1)
Q.6 (1)
Q.7 (1)
Q.8 (4)
Q.9 (4)
Q.10 (4)
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