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Mahendras has started special quizzes for IBPS & SBI Exam so that you can practice more and more to crack the examination. This IBPS & SBI Exam special quiz series will mold your preparations in the right direction and the regular practice of these quizzes will be really very helpful in scoring good marks in the Examination. Here we are providing you the important question of reasoning ability for the IBPS & SBI Exam.
Indian agriculture faces herculean challenges today; yet, the near- and the medium-term outlook on agriculture and agri-businesses seem bright. Growing urbanization and changing food habits, malnutrition plus declining areas under food grain pose a big threat to food security. Agriculture and food production are strongly influenced by international trade, credit availability, development co-operation, climate change and environmental degradation, as well as growing population, ever-increasing income disparity and rising social tensions (it has been found that a 10 per cent increase in the price of cereals reduces the already low consumption by the poor). Ultra intensive agricultural practices, uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides, the unmetered flow of irrigation water, cheap electricity and almost free water have impressively increased agricultural productivity in the past.
Nevertheless, these practices are environmentally abusive. The water in some areas have fallen to dangerously low levels. Perverse cropping patterns have added to these problems. Soil salinity and fertility are under stress. Large and small dams have created islands of prosperity.
Typically, only rich farmers and in some parts of the country, middle farmers are able to produce a surplus and benefit from higher food prices which actually hurt the poor, dryland farmers and landless peasants. Lack of rainwater harvesting has prevented us from bringing additional undulated, non-productive but cultivable wastelands under cultivation. Likewise, constantly diminishing forest areas lead to a rise in temperatures, greater soil erosion, erratic rainfall and reduced groundwater conservation. This further leads to stagnating or decreasing productivity of falling land resources and employment opportunities in the farm sector.
The low capital formation and disconnect of the farmers with functioning markets have made farming the profession of last resort. Large-scale migration to the cities and neglect of dryland farming has resulted in farmer suicides. The Government should make its policies regarding farm prices and their movement farmer-friendly. It should also review rules, restrictions and regulations pertaining to agricultural commodities and make them more predictable. The Government should attract private capital and create a promising environment for entrepreneurship.
Agriculture is the largest private sector enterprise in the country. It can meet or exceed our expectations only if institutional structures and support in terms of technology, pricing policy framework and resource flows from non-agricultural sectors are adequate.
Dryland, hilly and marginal areas have received relatively less attention. Institutional reform of markets, empowerment of small farmers to leverage their assets for strategic partnerships with corporates, new technologies, market linkages and the establishment of farmer groups and building of the support bases for emerging Indian agriculture are all the need of the hour.
1 According to the passage, which of the following factors affect agriculture in India?
A. Population increase
B. Social tensions
C. Climate change
D. Credit availability
01. Only C
02. Only A and B
03. Only A and D
04. All except B
05. All of the above
2 What should the government consider while making policies for agriculture sector?
01. The policies should be flexible in nature to suit the diverse needs of farmers.
02. The policies should be environment-friendly.
03. The policies should remain farmer- friendly and should be beneficial for them.
04. Only 1 and 2
05. Not mentioned in the passage
3 Which of the following is/are FALSE in the context of the passage?
A. Cultivable wastelands can be brought under cultivation through rainwater harvesting
B. The government can create an environment for entrepreneurship by attracting private capital
C. The government has taken care of Dry land, hilly and marginal areas.
D. Agri-businesses are expected to grow in the near and medium term.
01. Only A
02. Only C
03. Only B and C
04. All except D
05. All of the above
4 How are rich farmers able to produce a surplus, as mentioned in the passage?
01. They resort to wrong practices to achieve the purpose.
02. They sell the produce of lower quality.
03. They sell their produce in a highly competitive market.
04. They sell their produce at a high price.
05. Not mentioned in the passage
5 Choose the word most SIMILAR in meaning to the word given in bold, as used in the passage.
Disparity
01. Equality
02. Difference
03. Transparency
04. Modification
05. Contradiction
6 Choose the word which is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning as the word given in bold as used in the passage.
Attract
01. Refuse
02. Captivate
03. Lead
04. Associate
05. Calculate
7 Why has the water level gone so below in some areas?
01. Because of the drought in recent years.
02. Due to malpractices prevalent in the field of agriculture
03. Due to excessive consumption of water owing to rising population
04. Because of climate change
05. Cannot be understood from the passage
8 Farmer suicides are least related to which of the following reasons?
A. Availability of basic amenities in rural areas only
B. Neglect of dry land farming
C. Low connectivity with the functioning markets
01. Only A
02. Only B
03. Only C
04. Only A and C
05. All of the above
9-10. Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the given word.
9 Subsumed
01. Divisive
02. Apparent
03. Vicious
04. Incorporated
05. Obnoxious
10 Authoritarian
01. Hypnotic
02. Adversarial
03. Yielding
04. Tyrannical
05. Submissive
Answers:-
Q.1 (5)
Q.2 (3)
Q.3 (2)
Q.4 (4)
Q.5 (2)
Q.6 (1)
Q.7 (2)
Q.8 (1)
Q.9 (4)
Q.10 (4)
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