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Mahendras has started special quizzes for IBPS |RBI | NABARD & SBI Exam so that you can practice more and more to crack the examination. This IBPS & SBI Exam special quiz series will mold your preparations in the right direction and the regular practice of these quizzes will be really very helpful in scoring good marks in the Examination. Here we are providing you the important question of reasoning ability for the IBPS |RBI | NABARD & SBI Exam.
1-10. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some questions.
Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities-as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.
Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977,the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.L billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, there-after, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses.
The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer. A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns.
Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.
Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often run the danger of becoming--and remaining—dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.
1 The primary purpose of the passage is to-
01. present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies
02. describe a situation and its potential drawbacks
03. propose a temporary solution to a problem
04. analyze a frequent source of disagreement
05. explore the implications of a finding
2 According to the passage, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority- owned businesses have traditionally had to labor is that they have
01. been especially vulnerable to governmental mismanagement of the economy
02. been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors
03. not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations
04. not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers
05. not had adequate representation in the centers of government power
3 The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to
01. experience frustration but not serious financial harm
02. face potentially crippling fixed expenses
03. have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government
04. increase its spending with minority subcontractors
05. revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts
4 The author implies that a minority-owned concern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporate customer should
01. avoid competition with larger, more established concerns by not expanding
02. concentrate on securing even more business from that corporation
03. try to expand its customer base to avoid becoming dependent on the corporation
04. pass on some of the work to be done for the corporation to other minority-owned concerns
05. use its influence with the corporation to promote subcontracting with other minority concerns
5 It can be inferred from the passage that, compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “some federal and local agencies” are
01. more popular with large corporations
02. more specific
03. less controversial
04. less expensive to enforce
05. easier to comply with
6 The author would most likely agree to with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?
01. Annoyed by the proliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.
02. Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.
03. The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.
04. Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible.
05. The enormous corporate response has all but eliminated the dangers of overexpansion that used to plague small minority-owned businesses.
7 Choose the word most SIMILAR in meaning to the word given in bold, as used in the passage.
Federal
01. unitary
02. associated
03. unrivalled
04. invincible
05. nonpareil
8 Choose the word most SIMILAR in meaning to the word given in bold, as used in the passage.
Legitimate
01. Illicit
02. Legalize
03. Misbegotten
04. Law
05. Valid
9 Choose the word most OPPOSITE in meaning to the word given in bold, as used in the passage.
Crippling
01. laming
02. maiming
03. baffling
04. assisting
05. increment
10 Choose the word most OPPOSITE in meaning to the word given in bold, as used in the passage.
Complacency
01. Satisfaction
02. Stupefaction
03. Concern
04. Smugness
05. Conceit
Answers:-
Q.1 (2)
Q.2 (3)
Q.3 (1)
Q.4 (3)
Q.5 (2)
Q.6 (3)
Q.7 (2)
Q.8 (5)
Q.9 (4)
Q.10 (3)
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