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Dear Readers,
Mahendras has started special quizzes for IBPS | RBI | SBI | NABARD so that you can practice more and more to crack the examination. This IBPS | RBI | SBI | NABARD Exam special quiz series will mold your preparations in the right direction and the regular practice of these quizzes will be really very helpful in scoring good marks in the Examination. Here we are providing you the important question of reasoning ability for the IBPS | RBI | SBI | NABARD .
1-5. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below-:
Recently, there has been a considerable reduction in the prices of non-subsidized LPG cylinders. Unless LPG subsidies suffer from extreme mis-targeting, it should rather be the price on the subsidized market that matters for the poor. This price has hardly changed. If the main objective is to help the poor to switch from cooking with cow dung and firewood to the healthier alternative of LPG, other factors are also relevant. Research suggests that simply informing people about the deadly effects of smoke from the Chulha may significantly influence their behavior. The World Health Organization (WHO) attributes about one million deaths (annually) to the use of solid cooking fuels in India. The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) seeks to promote the use of LPG as a clean alternative. Launched in 2016, the programme claims success in providing LPG connections to over 60 million poor households. This is an important first step towards the switch to clean cooking fuels. However, substantial numbers of rural households with LPG connections continue to rely on solid biomass for cooking as a primary fuel. Understandably, the concern now is to enhance the consumption of LPG in such homes.
Our study carried out in the framework of the Indo-Swiss Joint Research Programme in the Social Sciences sheds light on promising pathways to support the fuel switch. It focused on the impact of providing information on the health-related ill-effects of cooking with solid biomass fuels on LPG consumption. The findings offer new insights that could encourage more regular use of LPG among poor rural households. We sampled 550 PMUY households across rural Bikaner — NSS data indicates that the pattern of fuel consumption in Bikaner district is fairly representative of rural areas of north Indian states. Only 13 percent of our respondents considered that serious health hazards do exist; 27 percent perceived no health problems and 60 percent believed that health consequences were limited to temporary irritations such as coughing or watering of eyes. Clearly, poor rural households are unaware how severely indoor air pollution from solid biomass use can affect their health, and thereby lack the basic knowledge that would enable them to take an informed decision about fuel consumption.
The study adopted a unique approach based on the tenets of behavioral economics. In an experimental setup, our enumerators — mostly postgraduate students at the agricultural university — presented basic information to half the respondents. They explained the serious health effects such as chronic lung diseases, childhood pneumonia, cardiovascular disease and cataract to them. This brief exercise leads to a statistically significant improvement in health knowledge, an increased willingness to pay (WTP) for the next LPG refill, and a substantial increase in the actual use of LPG. Households stated their willingness to pay in the framework of a well-established demand-revealing mechanism. They obtained a discount voucher (facilitated by the research team in partnership with local LPG distributors) if their stated WTP was at least as high as the offer price that they themselves subsequently drew at random from a given price range. The maximum price was Rs 480, the prevailing (subsidized) price for a refill (14.5 kg cylinder).
The voucher had limited validity such that it could be used only if the household used up the LPG remaining in the currently consumed cylinder twice as quickly as it would have done under normal circumstances. This date was determined on the basis of prior questions on normal consumption along with cross-checking of the entries in the consumer’s gas book. Thus, we assessed the WTP for a refill under the constraint of more regular consumption than the prevailing pattern.
Under this condition, with no additional information, the average household was ready to spend Rs 352, considerably less than the prevailing subsidized price. Put in perspective, at current prices and awareness levels, rural households appeared unlikely to substantially enhance their consumption of LPG. However, the provision of health information leads households to take a more informed decision, which in turn increases their WTP. Our brief intervention leads to a relatively small though statistically significant difference in the WTP — from Rs 352 to Rs 362. Use of vouchers was 36 percent higher among households that received health information. It is reasonable to expect that a broader intervention embedded in the general LPG campaigns or within health and nutrition programmes administered to women and children in other contexts will translate into even stronger and more sustained effects. However, this requires the delivery of messages on specific effects rather than just talking about “clean” fuels, which can refer to a variety of things, including the possibility to keep the kitchen looking nice and white.
In contrast to what is commonly believed, our findings suggest that both men and women need to be convinced to achieve the desired impact. Targeting health-related information only towards women may not make a significant difference since the final decision about the purchase of a relatively expensive good such as an LPG refill is often taken by men or at best, jointly. Complementary measures that address the problem of financial and liquidity constraints, as well as the regularity and ease of access to supplies, will also continue to be relevant in determining consumption. Some ongoing measures by oil marketing companies that point in the right direction to tackle these are the option to use smaller cylinders, parallel connections and decoupling of loan repayments for the stove and the first cylinder from subsequent LPG consumption.
1 Which of the following is not True in the context of the passage?
01. The ‘clean’ fuels refer to things excluding the possibility to keep the kitchen clean.
02. Deadly effects of smoke from the chulha may influence the behavior of poor.
03. The findings of study was on the impact of providing information on the health-related ill-effects of cooking with solid biomass fuels on LPG consumption
04. Poor rural households are unaware how severe can be indoor air pollution.
05. Ease of access to supplies will also continue to be relevant in determining consumption
2 In the question below a word is given. Find the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning to the given word.
Tenets
01. Skepticism
02. Principle
03. Credo
04. Postulation
05. Hypothesis
3 What can be the suitable Title for the passage?
01. Campaigns on LPG
02. Next step: Clean fuel
03. Inclination towards LPG
04. Health Hazards: Traditional cooking
05. Health benefits: cooking with LPG
4 Pick out the facts that are related to LPG?
(i). LPG is the alternative to switch people from traditional cooking.
(ii). Consumption of LPG should be enhanced.
(iii). LPG refill is relatively an expense which is the decision with both men and women.
01. Only i
02. Only ii
03. Both i and ii
04. Both ii and iii
05. All i, ii and iii
5 The reason behind the annual deaths according to WHO-:
01. Solid cooking fuels
02. Deadly effects of smoke.
03. Regular usage of biomass as a primary fuel
04. Switch to clean cooking fuels
05. All except 4
6-10. Rearrange the following sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph, then answer the questions given below them.
(A) Settlement in real time means the transaction is not subjected to any waiting period.
(B) It is a funds transfer mechanism.
(C) Moreover, as the money transfer takes place in the books of RBI it is final and irrevocable.
(D) The acronym RTGS stands for Real Time Gross Settlement.
(E) While gross Settlement means the transaction is settled without bunching it with any other transaction.
(F) The transfer of funds takes place on a real time and gross basis.
6 Which of the following would be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
01. C
02. E
03. A
04. D
05. F
7 Which of the following would be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
01. B
02. F
03. C
04. E
05. A
8 Which of the following would be the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?
01. E
02. A
03. F
04. B
05. D
9 Which of the following would be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
01. F
02. A
03. E
04. C
05. B
10 Which of the following would be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?
01. D
02. C
03. A
04. E
05. F
Answers:-
Q.1 (1)
Q.2 (1)
Q.3 (2)
Q.4 (5)
Q.5 (5)
Q.6 (4)
Q.7 (2)
Q.8 (1)
Q.9 (5)
Q.10 (3)
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